Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd (abt. 1097 - 1172)

Born about 1097 in Caernarvonshire, Wales

Ancestors

Husband of Gwerful ferch Gwrgeneu — married 1115 in Wales

Descendants

Died 1 Mar 1172 at about age 75 in Bangor, Caernarvonshire, Wales

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Biography

Name and Parentage

• Cadwaladr ap Gruffudd ap Cynan, Prince of North Wales, of Cynfael, Meirion, was the younger son of Gruffudd ap Cynan, by Angharad, daughter of Owain ab Edwin. ^[1]
• Cadwaladr ap Gruffudd.^[2]
• Cadwaladar ap Gruffudd, Prince of North Wales^[3]

Birth Year Estimation

He was born in 1097.

Marriages

First Marriage to Gwerful, say 1115

Cadwaladr married first Gwerful ferch Gwrgeneu ap Hywel ab Ieuaf ap Cadwgon ab Elystan Glodrydd. ^[2]

Second marriage to Dyddgu

Cadwaladr married second Dyddgu ferch Maredudd ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. ^[2]

Third marriage to Alice, say, 1140

Cadwaladr married third Adles de Clarfe, daughter of Richard fitz Filbert de Clare. She was identified in English sources as Alice, who married Cadwallader, a brother of Owain Gwynedd. ^[2]

Before 1151 he married Alice (or Alicia) of Chester de Clare, the daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare and Alice of Chester. ^[1]

Her parents are Richard de Clare 2nd Earl of Pembroke, and Aoife MacMorrough. ^[4]

Fourth Marriage to Tangwystl

Cadwaladr married fourth Tangwystl ferch Cadwallon ap Gruffudd ap Cynan.Cite error 3; Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

• In 1121 they ravaged Meirionydd, and apparently conquered it.^[1]
• In 1135 and 1136 they led three successful expeditions to Ceredigion and managed to get possession of at least the northern portion of that district.^[1]
• In 1137 Owain succeeded, on Gruffud ap Cynan's death, to the sovereignty of Gwynedd or North Wales. Cadwalladr appears to have found his portion in his former conquest of Meirionydd and northern Ceredition.^[1]
• In 1143 his men slew Anarawd, son of Gruffudd of South Wales, to whom Owain Gwynedd had promised his daughter in marriage. Repudiated by his brother, who sent his son Howel to ravage his share of Ceredigion and to attack his castle of Aberystwith, Cadwladr fled to ireland, when he returned next year with a fleet of Irish Danes, to wreak vengeance on Owain. ^[1]
• The fleet had already landed at the mouth of the Menai Straits when the intervention of the 'goodmen' of Gwynedd reconciled the brothers. Disgusted at what they probably regarded as treachery, the Irish pirates seized and blinded Cadwaladr, and only released him on the payment of a heavy ransom of 2000 bondmen (some of the chroniclers say cattle.)^[1]
• Their attempt to plunder the country was successfully resisted by Owain. In 1146, however, fresh hostilities broke out between Cadwaladr and his brother's sons Howel and Cynan. They invaded Meirionydd and captured his castle of Cynvael, despite the valient resistance of his steward, Morvran, abbot of Whitland. This disaster lost Cadwaladr Meirionydd, and so hard was he pressed that, despite his building a castle at Llanrhystyd in Ceredigion (1148), he was compelled to surrender his possessions in that district to his son, apparently in hope of a compromise; but Howel net year captured his couysin and conquered his territory, while the brothers of the murdered Anarawd profited by the dissensions of the princes of Gwynedd to conquer Ceredigion as far north as the Aeron, and soon extended their conqeusts into howel's recent acquisitions^[1]
• Meanwhile Cadwaladr was expelled by Owain from his last refuge in Mona. ^[1]
• Cadwaladr now seems to have taken refuge with the English, with whom, if we may believe a late authority, his marriage with a lady of the house of Clare had already connected him. ^[1]
• The death of Stephen put an end to the long period of Welsh freedom under which Cadwaladr had grown up.^[1]
• In 1156 he was temporarily granted an estate at Ness, Shropshire worth L7 a year.^[1]
• In 1157 Henry II's first expedition to Wales, though by no means a brilliant success, was able to effect Cadwaladr's restoration to his old dominions. Despite his blindness, Cadwaladr had not lost his energy.^[1]
• In 1158 he joined the marcher lords and his nephews in an expedition against Rhys ap Gryuffudd of South Wales. In 1165 Cadwaladr took part in the general resistance to Henry II's third expedition to Wales.^[1]
• In 1169 the death of Owain Gwynedd probably weakened his position,^[1]

Death

In March 1172 Cadwaladr himself died, and was buried in the same tomb as Owain, before the high altar of Bangor Cathedral. ^[1]

Issue

Cadwaladr had at least 12 children as listed by Bartrum.^[2]

By first wife Gwerful,

1. [[Cadwaladar-1|Cadwgan (Cadwaladar) Cadwaladr, born 1125. Cadfan, son of Cadwaladr by his first wife Gwerful. Living 1149. married (1) Gwenllian ferch Owain Cyfeiliog and (2) Lleucu ferch Ithel. ^[2] His birth year has been estimated as 1125.

By his second wife, Dyddgu

1. Mardudd Goch^[2]
2. Einion^[2]
3. Cadwallon^[2]

By his third wife, Alice

The marriage having taken place before 1151, estimate the children's births beginning in 1152 and continuing at two year intervals, overruling this estimation of course when better estimates are available!

1. Cunedda (or Conan)^[1], born, say, 1152. Listed by Boyer, following Bartrum. ^[2]
2. Randwlff^[1] born, say, 1154 Listed by Boyer, following Bartrum. ^[2]
3. Gruffudd^[1] born, say, 1156 Listed by Boyer, following Bartrum. ^[2]

Richard (Cadwaladr) Cadwaladar. Richard^[1] , born, say, 1158 Listed by Boyer, following Bartrum. Married Annes ferch Gwyn Ddistain. ^[2]

By his fourth wife Tangwystl

1. Owain Fychan^[2]
2. Angharad^[2]

Children, mother not given by Bartrum

1. Margred, m. Anarawd ap Gruffudd^[2]
2. Richard.^[2]

Research Notes

Issue linked on WikiTree but not documented

Ynir Ap Cadwaladr born Gwent, 1101

Fraudulent Genealogy

See Space:False_Arnold_Pedigree

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19} Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry. Volume II, page 174-175.
2. ↑ ^{2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16} Carl Boyer. Medieval Welsh Ancestors of Certain Americans. By the author: Santa Clarita, California, 2004. Follows Bartrum. Cadwaladr ap Gruffudd ap Cynan is #25 on page 294
3. ↑ Sir Bernard Burke, A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland for 1852. p. 742-743, (Google eBook). Colburn and Company, 1852. Retrieved 2014-05-17, 1|amb
4. ↑ The Peerage

See also:

• Burke, John; Burke, Bernard - A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume 3, John Burke, Bernard Burke. H. Colburn, 1850.
• Sir Bernard Burke, A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland for 1852 (Google eBook). Colburn and Company, 1852
• Wikipedia entry for Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd